Chrysanthemums, also known as mums, are beautiful, hardy perennials that bloom in late summer and fall. With proper care, they can brighten up your garden for years. Here’s a complete guide to growing chrysanthemums:
1. Choosing the Right Location
• Sunlight: Chrysanthemums thrive in full sun. Choose a location that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight daily.
• Soil: Well-draining, fertile soil with a pH of 6.5-7.0 is ideal. Amend heavy clay soils with compost to improve drainage.
2. Planting
• When to Plant:
• Spring is the best time to plant chrysanthemums to allow their roots to establish before winter.
• Spacing: Space plants 18–24 inches apart to allow airflow and prevent disease.
• Planting Depth: Dig a hole as deep as the root ball, and make sure the crown of the plant is at soil level.
3. Watering
• Frequency: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry spells, but avoid waterlogging.
• Technique: Water at the base of the plant to keep leaves dry and prevent fungal diseases.
4. Fertilizing
• Type: Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) during the growing season.
• Frequency: Fertilize every 4-6 weeks until buds form. Once buds form, switch to a high-potassium fertilizer to enhance blooms.
5. Pruning and Pinching
• Pinching: Pinch back stems when plants are 6–8 inches tall to encourage bushier growth and more blooms.
• Deadheading: Remove spent flowers to extend the blooming period.
• Pruning in Fall: Cut plants back to 4–6 inches after the first frost if growing as perennials.
6. Mulching
• Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around the plants to retain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and prevent weeds. Avoid covering the crown of the plant.
7. Overwintering
• In-Cold Climates: Apply a thick layer of mulch or straw over the plants after the first frost to protect them.
• In Mild Climates: Mums may survive without additional protection.
8. Pests and Diseases
• Common Pests: Aphids, spider mites, and thrips can affect chrysanthemums. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
• Diseases: Watch for powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
9. Propagation
• Division: Divide established plants every 2-3 years in early spring to rejuvenate them and create new plants.
• Cuttings: Take softwood cuttings in spring or summer for propagation.
10. Varieties
Popular types include:
• Decorative: Large, full blooms ideal for gardens and arrangements.
• Pompon: Small, rounded flowers.
• Spider: Long, tubular petals with a unique appearance.
By following these steps, your chrysanthemums will reward you with a vibrant display of blooms year after year! Let me know if you need more detailed advice on any step.
